The Five-Card Trick Can Be Done with Four Cards
نویسندگان
چکیده
The “five-card trick” invented by Boer allows Alice and Bob to securely compute the AND function of their secret inputs using five cards—three black cards and two red cards—with identical backs. This paper shows that such a secure computation can be done with only four cards. Specifically, we give a protocol to achieve a secure computation of AND using only four cards—two black and two red. Our protocol is optimal in the sense that the number of required cards is minimum.
منابع مشابه
Card-Based Cryptographic Protocols Using a Minimal Number of Cards
Secure multiparty computation can be done with a deck of playing cards. For example, den Boer (EUROCRYPT ’89) devised his famous “five-card trick”, which is a secure two-party AND protocol using five cards. However, the output of the protocol is revealed in the process and it is therefore not suitable for general circuits with hidden intermediate results. To overcome this limitation, protocols ...
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